Porcine sapoviruses were first reported in US swine in 1980 (1). The viruses have worldwide distribution, with endemic circulation among pigs and pig farms. Disease most often occurs when the virus is introduced into naive populations.
猪札幌病毒性肠炎的病因学与发病机制
Porcine sapoviruses are single-stranded RNA viruses in the family Caliciviridae. Strains in genogroup III (GIII) are most frequently detected in pigs with diarrhea. Infection of enterocytes results in necrosis and cell sloughing, predominantly at the villus tips, and this results in villous atrophy and fusion with loss of absorptive surface area. As with most other enteric viral infections, a malabsorptive diarrhea ensues.
猪札幌病毒性肠炎的临床表现
Suckling pigs exhibit a pasty to semiliquid diarrhea around 10 days old (2). The diarrhea is often self-limiting; however, pigs can lose 1 or 2 pounds of expected weaning weight. Disease can also occur in naive weaned pigs.
猪札幌病毒性肠炎的诊断
Given that the virus is endemic in many pig populations, results of PCR assays are best interpreted in clinical context and in conjunction with histopathological lesions of atrophic enteritis. Direct visualization assays, such as in situ hybridization, provide the most definitive etiological confirmation. Other enteric viral infections should be excluded through diagnostic testing, and coinfections in a population can occur.
猪札幌病毒性肠炎的治疗与防控
Management of sapoviruses is similar to that of other enteric viruses, and, given that the majority of infections are in suckling pigs, farrowing house cleanliness and biosecurity are essential for preventing disease spread among litters. Because commercial vaccines are not available, autogenous products or custom RNA-based products may be considered.
关键点
Sapoviruses produce diarrhea in suckling pigs that is clinically indistinguishable from that in several other enteric viral infections.
Viruses are endemic in many populations, so direct visualization assays have higher diagnostic specificity than PCR assays.
Custom vaccines can be of value for prevention of disease in affected herds.
了解更多信息
Knowles NJ, Reuter G. Caliciviruses. In: Zimmerman JJ, Burrough ER, Karriker LA, Schwartz KJ, Zhang J, eds. Diseases of Swine. 12th ed. John Wiley and Sons, Inc; 2026:517-525.
参考文献
Saif LJ, Bohl EH, Theil KW, Cross RF, House JA. Rotavirus-like, calicivirus-like, and 23-nm virus-like particles associated with diarrhea in young pigs. J Clin Microbiol. 1980;12(1):105-111. doi:10.1128/jcm.12.1.105-111.1980
Shen H, Zhang J, Gauger PC, et al. Genetic characterization of porcine sapoviruses identified from pigs during a diarrhoea outbreak in Iowa, 2019. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2022;69(3):1246-1255. doi:10.1111/tbed.14087
