犬猫用外寄生虫杀虫剂
药物 | 作用机制 | 接种方式 | 频率 | 种属 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
异噁唑啉类 | ||||
阿福拉纳 (Afoxolaner) a,b | 拮抗 GABA 受体和谷氨酸受体 | 口服 | q30d | 狗 |
艾沙福拉纳 (Esafoxolaner) c | 拮抗 GABA 受体和谷氨酸受体 | 局部 | q30d | 猫 |
氟雷拉纳 | 拮抗 GABA 受体和谷氨酸受体 | 局部给药d | q12wk | 犬，猫 |
口服a | q12wk | 狗 | ||
注射给药a,b,e | q1yr | 狗 | ||
洛替拉纳 (Lotilaner)a | 拮抗 GABA 受体和谷氨酸受体 | 口服 | q30d | 犬，猫 |
沙罗拉纳 (Sarolaner)a | 拮抗 GABA 受体和谷氨酸受体 | 局部 | q30d | 猫 |
口服 | q30d | 狗 | ||
大环内酯类药物 | ||||
司拉克丁 (Selamectin)f | 与谷氨酸门控氯离子通道结合，增加氯离子进入细胞内。 | 局部 | q30d | 犬，猫 |
新烟碱类 (Neonicotinoids) | ||||
呋虫胺f | 与乙酰胆碱受体结合，使受体持续激活。 | 局部 | q30d | 犬，猫 |
吡虫啉f | 与烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体结合，从而使受体激活。 | 局部 | q30d | 犬，猫 |
口服 | q24h | 狗 | ||
烯啶虫胺f | 与烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体结合，从而使受体激活。 | 口服或直肠给药 | q48-72h | 犬，猫 |
噁二嗪类 (Oxadiazines) | ||||
茚虫威g | 钠通道阻滞剂；阻断钠离子进入神经组织细胞。 | 局部 | q30d | 犬，猫 |
苯基吡唑类 (Phenylpyrazoles) | ||||
氟虫腈f,h | 阻断 GABA 门控氯离子通道，抑制氯离子进入细胞。 | 局部 | q30d | 犬，猫 |
拟除虫菊酯类 (Pyrethroids) | ||||
氟氯苯菊酯h,i | 激活电压门控钠通道 | 项圈 | q8mo（若频繁洗澡，则给药间隔缩短）。 | 犬，猫 |
多杀霉素类 | ||||
多杀菌素f | 激活烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体，引起神经系统兴奋。 | 口服 | q30d | 狗 |
乙基多杀菌素 (Spinetoram)j | 激活烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体，引起神经系统兴奋。 | 局部 | q30d | 猫 |
缩写词：ACh，乙酰胆碱；GABA，γ-氨基丁酸。 aZhou X, Hohman AE, Hsu WH.Current review of isoxazoline ectoparasiticides used in veterinary medicine.J Vet Pharmacol Ther.2022;45(1):1-15. doi:10.1111/jvp.12959 bPetersen I, Goebel-Lauth S, Pobel T, et al. Clinical efficacy and safety of a single administration of fluralaner injectable suspension (BRAVECTO® injectable) vs. monthly administration of oral afoxolaner (NexGard®) in dogs for tick and flea control over one year under European field conditions.Parasit Vectors.20249;17(1):504. doi:10.1186/s13071-024-06590-1 cTielemans E, Buellet P, Young D, Viljoen A, Liebenberg J, Prullage J. Efficacy of a novel topical combination of esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel against adult cat flea Ctenocephalides felis and flea egg production in cats.Parasite.2021;28:21. doi:10.1051/parasite/2021017 dFisara P, Guerino F, Sun F. Efficacy of a spot-on combination of fluralaner plus moxidectin (Bravecto® Plus) in cats following repeated experimental challenge with a field isolate of Ctenocephalides felis.Parasit Vectors.2019;12(1):259. doi:10.1186/s13071-019-3512-x eFisara P, Guerino F. Year-round efficacy of a single treatment of fluralaner injectable suspension (Bravecto Quantum™) against repeated infestations with Rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu lato) and Ctenocephalides felis in dogs.Parasit Vectors.2023;16(1):378. doi:10.1186/s13071-023-05960-5 fLam A, Yu A. Overview of flea allergy dermatitis.Compend Contin Educ Vet.2009;31(5):E1-10. gDryden MW, Payne PA, Smith V, et al. Evaluation of indoxacarb and fipronil (s)-methoprene topical spot-on formulations to control flea populations in naturally infested dogs and cats in private residences in Tampa FL.USA.Parasit Vectors.2013;6:366. doi:10.1186/1756-3305-6-366 hDryden MW, Smith V, Davis WL, Settje T, Hostetler J. Evaluation and comparison of a flumethrin-imidacloprid collar and repeated monthly treatments of fipronil/(s)-methoprene to control flea, Ctenocephalides f. felis, infestations on cats for eight months.Parasit Vectors.2016;9(1):287. doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1575-5 iStanneck D, Kruedewagen EM, Fourie JJ, Horak IG, Davis W, Krieger KJ.Efficacy of an imidacloprid/flumethrin collar against fleas, ticks, mites and lice on dogs.Parasit Vectors.2012;5:102. doi:10.1186/1756-3305-5-102 jPaarlberg T, Winkle J, Rumschlag AJ, Young LM, Ryan WG, Snyder DE.Effectiveness and residual speed of flea kill of a novel spot on formulation of spinetoram (Cheristin®) for cats.Parasit Vectors.2017;10(1):59. doi:10.1186/s13071-017-1996-9 | ||||
