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Ophthalmic emergencies require rapid diagnosis and appropriate and often aggressive treatment for maintenance of vision. However, it is critical to perform a thorough physical examination and address any systemic disease that is life-threatening before addressing the ocular emergency.
The following are ophthalmic emergencies:
In all cases, the patient's potential for vision should be assessed by performing a menace response, dazzle reflex, and direct and consensual pupillary light reflexes (PLRs). A consensual PLR (from the affected to nonaffected eye) is particularly useful when the ocular media are opaque and thus prevent assessment of a direct PLR.
